Tulum is located on the so-called Riviera Maya, a stretch of coastline on the Caribbean coast of Mexico in the state of Quintana Roo, about 130 miles south of Cancun.
Unlike all other Mayan sites of Tulum, on the sea. The most famous buildings are next to the castle of the so-called "Temple of the Descending God," the "Temple of the Wind" and the temple frescoes. The inner city is surrounded by an open city to the sea wall, stand on their northwest and southwest corners towers. For conservation reasons for visitors are not all the structures accessible.
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history
Inhabited since about 1200, was the 13th Tulum and 14 Century one of the largest cities in the Yucatan Peninsula. The English navigator Juan Díaz compared the size of the city in 1518 with that of Seville. Tulum was probably due to its strategic location on the sea is an important trade hub between several regions of the Maya and had a developed Defense system. As a religious center of Tulum was still inhabited when the English arrived.
The first modern visitor, the records left was John Lloyd Stephens.
While the caste war, Tulum was a center of resistance of the Maya. This was similar to that in Chan Santa Cruz from 1871, a Talking Cross, of the Mayan priestess Uicab María, the "Queen of Tulum, was guarded.
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Structures
The whole area of the city was built with low houses, of which only recognize base walls. The larger, brick buildings now bear descriptive names that are not authentic.
Castillo (German about: the castle) is the tallest building in Tulum. The Spaniard Juan Díaz 1518 for this tower was the largest he had ever seen. The upper building has two arched rooms, whose three inputs are supported by a snake-shaped columns. Its no longer extant snake heads were resting on the floor. The other facade frieze is relatively simple.
Neben dem Schloss liegt der „Tempel des Herabsteigenden Gottes“ bzw. „Templo del Dios Descendente“. Seinen Namen erhielt er von der im Dachfries enthaltenen Figur des herabsteigenden Gottes. Diese in Tulum mehrfach (beispielsweise im Schloss) abgebildete Gottheit wurde mit dem Sonnenuntergang, dem Regen, dem Blitz und der Bienenzucht in Verbindung gebracht und hieß auf Mayathan Ah Mucen Cab (Bienengott).
Der „Freskentempel“, auch Tempel der Friese (spanisch Templo de las Pinturas), erhielt seinen Namen aufgrund der zahlreichen Wandmalereien von Schlangen, Fischen, Eidechsen und anderen Meerestieren, welche jeweils Gottheiten einrahmen. Vermutlich diente der Tempel der Anbetung von Deities, who were related to soil fertility.
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The "Temple of the Wind" (English Templo del Dios del Viento) was built on a natural hill close to the sea. It is built on a semicircular platform and has a room. The semi-circular structure suggests the worship of the wind and is an architectural culture of the Maya rare design dar. Comparable Grundstrukturen finden sich weiter westlich, beispielsweise in Uxmal an der „Pyramide des Zauberers“.
Die gesamte Stadt war von einer rechtwinkelig (385 × 165 m) um sie verlaufenden, mit 6 m Fußbreite sehr massiven Mauer umschlossen, deren Höhe zwischen 3 und 5 m liegt; nur die Seite an der Küste blieb ungeschützt.
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